Membrane bioreactors incorporating hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a powerful technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article provides a

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensive rev